Computer network components composed of several basic elements which include hardware and software components, namely:
1. Hardware Components
Personal Computer (PC), Network Interface Card (NIC), cable and network topology.
2. Software Components
Network Operating System, Network Adapter Drivers, Network Protocols.
A. Network devices
1. Repeater
Function to receive signals then pass back the received signal with the same power. With the repeter, the signal from a computer to another computer that is located far apart.
2. Hub
Its function is similar to a repeater hub is only comprised of several ports, so that the hub is also called multiport repeter. Repeaters and hubs work in the physical layer so it does not have knowledge of the addressee. Although the hub has multiple ports, but still make use of the broadcast method of sending signals, so that if one port is busy then the other ports will have to wait if you want to send a signal.
3. Bridge
Functioning like a repeater or hub, but more clever because it works on the data link layer so as to have the ability to use the MAC address in the process of sending the frame to the addressee.
4. Switch
Its function is similar to the bridge just switch consists of multiple switch ports so-called multiport bridge. With these capabilities if one of the busy port on a switch then the other ports can still function. But the bridges and switches can not forward IP packets addressed to another computer that different logical networks.
B. Types of Cables and Wiring
Each cable type has different capabilities and specifications, therefore, made the introduction of cable types. There are several types of cables are known in general, ie twisted pair (STP UTPunshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair), coaxial cable and fiber optic.
1. Thin Ethernet (thinnet)
Thin Ethernet or thinnet have advantages in terms of cost is relatively cheaper compared to other types of wiring and the installation of components easier. The length of thin cable coaxial/RG-58 between 0.5 - 185 m and a maximum of 30 computers terhubung.Kabel coaxial type is widely used among amateur radio, especially for the transceiver that does not require a large power output.
To be used as network devices, this type of coaxial cable must meet the standards of IEEE 802.3 10BASE2, where the average diameter of about 5mm and usually black or other dark colors. Each device (device) connected to a BNC T-connector. The cable type is also known as thin Ethernet or thinnet. This type of coaxial cable, such as the type RG-58 A / U or C / N, if implemented with Tconnector and terminator in a network, must follow the rules as follows:
• Each end of the cable were given 50-ohm terminator.
• The maximum length of cable is 1,000 feet (185 meters) per segment.
• Each segment is a maximum of 30 network devices (devices)
• The network card can simply use an onboard transceiver, do not need extra transceivers, except for the repeater.
• Maximum of 3 segments are connected to each other (populated segments).
• Each segment should be equipped with a ground.
• The minimum length among the T-Connector is 1.5 feet (0.5 meters).
• Maximum cable length in one segment is 1.818 feet (555 meters).
• Each segment has a maximum of 30 devices connected.
2. Thick Ethernet (Thicknet)
With a thick Ethernet or thicknet, the number of computers that can be connected in the network will be more numerous and the distance between computers can be enlarged, but the cost of procurement is more expensive wiring and installation is relatively more difficult compared with thinnet. In Thicknet transceiver used to connect each computer to the network system and connectors used are type DIX connector. The maximum transceiver cable length 50 m, Thick Ethernet cable length maximum of 500 m with a maximum 100 transceiver connected. This type of coaxial cable specified by the IEEE 802.3 10Base5 standard, where the cable has an average diameter of 12mm, and usually are colored yellow; cable of this type commonly referred to as a standard ethernet or thick Ethernet, or simply abbreviated ThickNet, or even referred to as yellow cuman cable.Kabel this Coaxial (RG-6) when used in the network have the specifications and rules as follows:
• Each end should be terminated with 50-ohm terminator (recommended to use
terminator that has been assembled, instead of using a single 50-ohm resistors 1 watt, for voltage dissipation resistor has a fairly wide).
• Maximum of three segments with the connected equipment (attached devices) or a populated segments.
• Every network card has an additional transmitter (external transceiver). Each segment contains a maximum of 100 network devices, including repeaters in this case.
• Maximum cable length per segment is 1640 feet (or about 500 meters).
• Maximum distance between the segment is 4920 feet (or about 1500 meters).
• Each segment should be grounded.
• Rarely a maximum between the tap or pencabang from the main cable to the device (device) is 16 feet (about 5 meters). Rarely minimum inter-tap is 8 feet (about 2.5 meters).
1. Hardware Components
Personal Computer (PC), Network Interface Card (NIC), cable and network topology.
2. Software Components
Network Operating System, Network Adapter Drivers, Network Protocols.
A. Network devices
1. Repeater
Function to receive signals then pass back the received signal with the same power. With the repeter, the signal from a computer to another computer that is located far apart.
2. Hub
Its function is similar to a repeater hub is only comprised of several ports, so that the hub is also called multiport repeter. Repeaters and hubs work in the physical layer so it does not have knowledge of the addressee. Although the hub has multiple ports, but still make use of the broadcast method of sending signals, so that if one port is busy then the other ports will have to wait if you want to send a signal.
3. Bridge
Functioning like a repeater or hub, but more clever because it works on the data link layer so as to have the ability to use the MAC address in the process of sending the frame to the addressee.
4. Switch
Its function is similar to the bridge just switch consists of multiple switch ports so-called multiport bridge. With these capabilities if one of the busy port on a switch then the other ports can still function. But the bridges and switches can not forward IP packets addressed to another computer that different logical networks.
B. Types of Cables and Wiring
Each cable type has different capabilities and specifications, therefore, made the introduction of cable types. There are several types of cables are known in general, ie twisted pair (STP UTPunshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair), coaxial cable and fiber optic.
1. Thin Ethernet (thinnet)
Thin Ethernet or thinnet have advantages in terms of cost is relatively cheaper compared to other types of wiring and the installation of components easier. The length of thin cable coaxial/RG-58 between 0.5 - 185 m and a maximum of 30 computers terhubung.Kabel coaxial type is widely used among amateur radio, especially for the transceiver that does not require a large power output.
To be used as network devices, this type of coaxial cable must meet the standards of IEEE 802.3 10BASE2, where the average diameter of about 5mm and usually black or other dark colors. Each device (device) connected to a BNC T-connector. The cable type is also known as thin Ethernet or thinnet. This type of coaxial cable, such as the type RG-58 A / U or C / N, if implemented with Tconnector and terminator in a network, must follow the rules as follows:
• Each end of the cable were given 50-ohm terminator.
• The maximum length of cable is 1,000 feet (185 meters) per segment.
• Each segment is a maximum of 30 network devices (devices)
• The network card can simply use an onboard transceiver, do not need extra transceivers, except for the repeater.
• Maximum of 3 segments are connected to each other (populated segments).
• Each segment should be equipped with a ground.
• The minimum length among the T-Connector is 1.5 feet (0.5 meters).
• Maximum cable length in one segment is 1.818 feet (555 meters).
• Each segment has a maximum of 30 devices connected.
2. Thick Ethernet (Thicknet)
With a thick Ethernet or thicknet, the number of computers that can be connected in the network will be more numerous and the distance between computers can be enlarged, but the cost of procurement is more expensive wiring and installation is relatively more difficult compared with thinnet. In Thicknet transceiver used to connect each computer to the network system and connectors used are type DIX connector. The maximum transceiver cable length 50 m, Thick Ethernet cable length maximum of 500 m with a maximum 100 transceiver connected. This type of coaxial cable specified by the IEEE 802.3 10Base5 standard, where the cable has an average diameter of 12mm, and usually are colored yellow; cable of this type commonly referred to as a standard ethernet or thick Ethernet, or simply abbreviated ThickNet, or even referred to as yellow cuman cable.Kabel this Coaxial (RG-6) when used in the network have the specifications and rules as follows:
• Each end should be terminated with 50-ohm terminator (recommended to use
terminator that has been assembled, instead of using a single 50-ohm resistors 1 watt, for voltage dissipation resistor has a fairly wide).
• Maximum of three segments with the connected equipment (attached devices) or a populated segments.
• Every network card has an additional transmitter (external transceiver). Each segment contains a maximum of 100 network devices, including repeaters in this case.
• Maximum cable length per segment is 1640 feet (or about 500 meters).
• Maximum distance between the segment is 4920 feet (or about 1500 meters).
• Each segment should be grounded.
• Rarely a maximum between the tap or pencabang from the main cable to the device (device) is 16 feet (about 5 meters). Rarely minimum inter-tap is 8 feet (about 2.5 meters).
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